how do i turn off my air fryer

\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Its a mini convection oven that cooks food by circulating hot air around it with a fan. 3. Heres how to do it:1. Here are some tips for safely opening an air fryer when food gets stuck: Always wear oven mitts. Air fryers are large countertop appliances that offer a bold promise: perfectly fried food using very little oil (often less than a tablespoon). Just make sure to follow the directions when youre using your air fryer, and all will be well! I made this video just for you! Get My Air Fryer Recipe Cookbook https://www.yummyairfryerrecipes.com/ Join my Air Fryer Challenge for BUSY families who want to get healthy meals on the table fast https://www.airfryerchallenge.com/ FREE download with Top 18 Air Fryer Tips PLUS the recommended internal temps for meats \u0026 baked goods https://bit.ly/air-fryer-tips TOP 25 Air Fryer Tips and Tricks You Need to Know! How to Stop My Air Fryer Fan, Make the Display Go Off, Air Fry Q\u0026A. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Best Air Fryers for the Crispiest Fries, I Finally Bought an Air Fryer and Im Glad I DidHeres Why. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Newer air fryer models make this even easier because they have removable parts that can just pop in and out, she says. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Remove packaging materials and clean all parts and accessories. 4. When developing recipes for our air fryer cookbook. Dont overfill the basket or the food wont cook evenly. Seems like that would be a good idea, right? Here are some possible explanations: Reader's Digest also highlights the benefits of using a touch of cooking spray to make foods brown well even in the air fryer. Most standard air fryers can fit enough food for 2 to 4 servings, depending on the food. Don't put the hot drawer on the countertop. Most brands of air fryers specify that the air fryer should be preheated to ensure even cooking. Again though, it depends on the recipesome recipes need no oil at all, others you can get away with a light coating of oil sprayI use all kinds, depending what I am making," she says. "@context": "https://schema.org", But we found that the results are more akin to those of an oven-fried food, instead of something thats been deep fried. Just about every recipe I've ever made leaves some debris or crumbs behind. How to preheat an air fryer is simple: Take the time (about 3 minutes) to set the air fryer to the proper temperature before you get cooking, says Dana Angelo White MS, RD, ATC author of the Healthy Air Fryer Cookbook, Preheating the air fryer is best for optimum cooking, the temperature and air flow will be at right levels and food can cook to crispy air fried perfection, she explains. It is important to keep in mind that since the air fryer is connected to electricity, it may be best to use electrical tape to avoid a fire. It does not store any personal data. First off, a disappointment: Air fryers are not deep fryers. You and your air fryer will have a much better relationship if you accept this. There are some air fryers that have been created in recent years that have a quieter fan than others. An air fryer heats much faster than an oven. If your air fryer has a stop or pause button, you may need to hold it down for a few seconds to make it stop. To help food crisp, always turn, rotate or shake the contents in the air-fryer basketjust like flipping french fries, fish fillets or chicken tenders halfway through cooking in a traditional oven). This makes using the air fryer that much more enjoyable. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Method 1 Turning off or Pausing the Air Fryer Download Article 1 Push the On/Off button to turn off the air fryer immediately. The air fryer may be overloaded with food. Cooking greasy foods like bacon? You only really need 1-2 teaspoons for most recipes or 1-2 tablespoons for breaded items. Using tongs, dredge the chicken in the flour, then the buttermilk, and then lastly in the flour. In many air fryers, pressing the minus keys down for about three seconds typically silences the machine. She recommends Raspberry Yogurt Cake and Zeppole with Cannoli Dip, which are easy to whip up and taste great. Pat foods dry. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Use your air fryer for healthy baked goods such as breakfast casseroles, doughnuts and desserts, she says. Its a quick and easy way to make healthy, delicious meals. Here's how: 1. Another way is to press and hold the off button for three seconds. Enjoy your meal! The air fryer may be overloaded with food. References Yes, the air fryers intended purpose holds true: Instead of quarts of oil, a cook can use just a small amount and achieve beautifully crisp results in French fries, chicken, fish, and more. "text": " A lot of recipes call for you to shake the basket every five minutes. If youre making these supercommon mistakes with your air fryer, you wont get the taste and texture youre looking for. Heat rises, so in a regular oven the top rack is always the hottest spot, which leads to uneven doneness. If you are in a country that has fuses inside sockets/plugs, you might want to replace this too. Air fryers simple do not brown food since they rely on hot air to cook food through rather than longer exposure to heat like an oven. This air fryer offers an incredible amount of cooking power, which makes it very useful in preparing a variety of foods. In other cases, the loud sound that people complain about the most with an air fryer is the beeping noise that happens at different times during the process. This will allow your food to cook evenly at the correct temperature. We dont recognize that sign in. Credit: Plan Shooting 2 / Imazins/Getty Images, Credit: Michelle Arnold / EyeEm/Getty Images, 7 Mistakes Youre Making With Your Air Fryer. Give your food some room to breathe! The sound of the fan has been said to be, in some cases, as loud as a vacuum cleaner. If the beeping is 100C or more away from your desired temperature, rather than using the +- control to make small adjustments, hold the control until the display settles into a range between two numbers and then switch it to the number you want. If you are wondering how to make your air fryer oven turn off after cooking watch this video. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Using a foil sling can also make cleanup and the removal of certain foods easier, especially fish. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Many air fryers on the market today dont have a volume control. The first is to simply unplug the appliance from the power outlet. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 4 Quick Steps. Wipe the outside of the machine with a hot, wet washcloth. Even better, these lil ovens can do much more than crank out faux fried food. If you are wondering how to use Gourmia air fryer efficiently that too without any harmful effects on your health then follow the next steps: Step 1: Prepare your food You should ensure that you've cut all the vegetables and meat to the same size so that they cook in an even manner. ", This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Another way is to press and hold the off button for three seconds. For example, if you want 110C, instead of hitting +- until it reads 110, hold down (+) until it reads 100, then hit (+) again until it reads 110. 2) Take a piece of paper and use it to rub the inside plastic container that sits on top of the control knob. You can make everything from stuffed peppers, to asparagus, to sweet potato hashin the air fryer in minutes, she says. If you need to turn the beep back on for any reason, just press and hold the Start/Stop button for another 3 seconds. While some recipes dont use any oil, most doand its still significantly less than oils used in standard fried recipes. Most complaints are that the beeping is much louder than it needs to be. Ad-free. Because fat is essential to fried flavor, air-fried and oven-fried foods taste a lot leaner than deep-fried foods. No additional bells and whistles necessary. Make sure that there is nothing obstructing the airflow and that the vents are clear. this link is to an external site that may or may not meet accessibility guidelines. Try it both ways, and see what gives you the best result. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Most of the time, the sound created is the normal functioning nature of the machine. We respect your privacy. "I have four in school and two at home and honestly this works just as quick." This should put the air fryer into 'standby' mode, which will disable all functions except for the sound. For many of the air fryers that are available to purchase, making them quieter depends on what is making the noise. Is It Safe to Take Metronidazole and Coffee Together? You can use this to spray both the basket and the food you plan to cook to prevent sticking and to get browning on the food. An air fryer relies on a fan to . The first is to simply unplug the appliance from the power outlet. Some air fryer models have a light that indicates when the unit is preheated. "acceptedAnswer": { You can also poke holes in the thighs and drumsticks to help the fat to render. This is because most machines come with a warranty that could help fix the problem without you having to pay an excessive amount of money. Preheat your Air Fryerwell, most of the time It's common practice that any cooking element should be preheated. Sign up for our daily newsletter for more great articles and tasty, healthy recipes. "@type": "Answer", were crafted to use only the basic air-fryer basket. However, there are multiple ways to reduce the noise from your air fryer. An air fryer can be loud due to several reasons that may include either normal functionality or indicate a problem with the machine. You can drop them right intheyre 100% necessary for baking in an air fryer. A few minutes of preheating should do it. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Are you looking for the cooking process to be quiet? Erin McDowell/Insider Turning the air fryer upside down can make it easier to access the heating element of some models. They are basically small, powerful ovens, and ovens use air as a vehicle for heat, whereas deep frying uses fat as the vehicle for heat. If none of the above works for you, contact the manufacturer and request that they make an air fryer that doesnt beep! Clean the removable, inside components. Theres no denying itthe air fryer is awesome. In a medium sized bowl add the buttermilk and eggs and whisk. If your Power XL air fryer keeps beeping, it could be for a number of reasons. This is usually located on the front of the unit near the control panel.2. The pans fit right inside the fryer basket. Another way to turn off the Cuisinart air fryer is to disconnect the power cord. If you need to turn off the sound on your Nuwave air fryer, there are a few different ways to do so. If you're looking to turn the sound off on your air fryer, there are a few things you can do. Press the "set" button to select "beep.". Don't just dump the hot contents of the drawer into a bowl. (And you can still get that crispiness by just using the air fryer for frying, as is.). } Just hot soap water, occasionally they need a bit of a soak and a light scrub. Who ever said that chicken wings, doughnuts, and pizza couldn't be healthy? Opening the machine and taking a look will let you know if this is the problem. Thanks for reading! Air fryers are great for so many reasons. Before starting cooking, you will have to set the time for cooking. Some of these ways are much easier than others and can make the experience of using the machine much more enjoyable. Preparing them in the air fryer will make them extra crispy, but wont save you any fat or calories, she says. If a recipe serves more than two people, youll likely need to cook it in more than one batch. In fact, you can even add in your own herbs and spices and use out-of-the-box ingredients to shake things up. Our testers found that the nooks and crannies on some air fryer components are quite difficult to clean, and the crevices on the exterior take effort, too. And, theres no comprising on the taste. These top-performing air fryers make clearing crumbs and food debris a fairly simple job. "@type": "Answer", } For more information, please call the Best Buy Recall Hotline at (800) 566-7498. Dry the components separately. Press the power on/off icon first, and adjust the time to 3 minutes and set the temperature to 400 degrees. If those food particles stay in the unit they will burn quickly the next time you fire up the machine, she says. Don't be too generous with oil. If you are wondering how to make your air fryer oven turn off after cooking watch this video. Here's a quick and easy guide:First, locate the control panel on your air fryer. Congratulations! The 10 Thanksgiving Sides You Should Be Making in the Air Fryer, Air Fryer Dijon Salmon with Charred Green Beans, An A-Z Guide to Cooking Terms and Definitions, Celebrating Jollof Rice and Its Journey Across the Atlantic, the actual capacity of some air fryers was a tad smaller. It's the easiest feature to use, and it will turn off any sound you might hear coming from the air fryer. But you might want to think twice before reaching for the PAM. At the end of the day, using an air fryer can be great for preparing meals quickly, however, for some people the sound they make can be almost unbearable. Dont just stick to making friend chicken in thereyou can make fried veggie dishes that are delicious and packed with nutrients. If yours is making a loud noise that is not due to its regular functioning, you may want to stop using it until you can get it checked out. While these can be very beneficial in preparing foods more quickly, they also can be quite loud. If this is the case, unplug the appliance and allow it to cool down before restarting. "text": " To fix the issue, unplug the air fryer and wait for 10 to 15 minutes. Their air fryers have very good rating and reviews online. % of people told us that this article helped them. The basket and drawer should still be removed. "@type": "Answer", It gives you crispy, salty French fries in a matter of minutes with half the fat and calories youd expect in a traditional restaurant order or McDonalds run. If youre looking to turn down the noise of your air fryer, you can do so by turning off its timer or digital display. One way is to simply unplug the appliance from the power outlet. Most air fryers do have a pause button, so the manual method if you want to open the air fryer during a cooking cycle is to hit pause before you do so. Air Fryer Q\u0026A, to help you with your countertop cooking.Subscribe to this Channel: https://YouTube.com/c/WaveOvenRecipes?sub_confirmation=1Join this Channel as a Member: https://www.youtube.com/c/WaveOvenRecipes/joinBuy Wave Oven Recipes merchandise: https://www.youtube.com/c/WaveOvenRecipes/storeGet recipes at:https://SuperWaveOvenRecipes.com/ #AirFryer #Cooking #KitchenDirectly access this YouTube Channel using: http://waveovenrecipes.comSupport this channel, by shopping for items at my Amazon Page:https://amazon.com/shop/WaveOvenRecipes Support via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/waveovenrecipes Follow Wave Oven Recipes on Twitter: @WaveOvenRecipesInstagram: WaveOvenRecipes Address: 315 E 8th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90014. The timer on the air fryer may be set for too long. Should you use a lot of oil in an air fryer? Allow the air fryer to cool for about 30 seconds before you open it so youre not blasted with a wave of steam. Cooking Light is part of the Allrecipes Food Group. If you can hear a humming sound after this, it means that the device has been damaged by the power surge. In most cases, however, the reason for the loud noise is the fan that runs continuously to cook the food. Prepare food in smaller batches, instead, or consider a bigger air fryer, such as the Phillips XXL, she says, which is awesome for crowds and party prep. 4. Have a question we didnt answer? Therefore, it cannot continue functioning; rather, it stops at that particular temperature and time. Add about 1 cup of water to the bottom of your air fryer basket. Clean the inside of the air fryer using a damp cloth dipped in warm soapy water. Avoid yanking or jerking on the cord or you could damage or fray it. When you first got the appliance, you might remember reading that you should never use aerosol cooking spray with your air fryer. This will probably include a removable basket and a grate or perforated tray in the bottom of that basket. This is how it evenly distributes the airflow to ensure your food is cooking evenly. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment using the form at the bottom of this page and well get back to you soon. Fortunately, there's a quick fix: pick up a non-aerosol pump sprayer or mister bottle like the one pictured, and use it to add a mist of your favorite oil to not just your air fryer basket, but countless other cooking projects. Before air frying, pat dry anything unbreaded that you want crispy or browned, such as meat, fish, and vegetables. Influence-free. While there are many air fryers that come with the analog feature, the Cuisinart also is equipped with various functions. Finally, you can also remove the battery from the unit. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. You should see lights come on the unit to indicate that its receiving power and is turned on. It's perfect for new air fryer owners, whether you're thinking about getting an air fryer or have it sitting in the box. Use tongs or a spoon to get cooked food out. If your air fryer has a stop or pause button, you may need to hold it down for a few seconds to make it stop. This article has been viewed 44,837 times. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. If you can't find the breaker, then you can unplug your electric cable from your home outlet. Consumers have complained on our website and elsewhere that the nonstick coating on some air fryer components flakes off over time. A light will come on to indicate that air fryer is hot. So how do you turn off the Cuisinart digital air fryer toaster oven? (Some manufacturers say you can use a soft brushbut not steel wireto remove stuck-on food.) If you need to turn off the sound on your Nuwave air fryer, there are a few different ways to do so. 4.6K Share 362K views 2 years ago #instantpot #airfryer #recipes Instant Pot recently released an Air Fryer Lid that turns your existing 6 Quart Instant Pot into a fully functional air. We debunk this myth below. Its great for making veggie-based meals and sides with a crisp texture and fewer calories and fat. This should put the air fryer into 'standby' mode, which will disable all functions except for the sound. 2. It might depend on the recipe. Fortunately, there is a trick that you can use to get good browning on foods cooked in the air fryer. The oven is fully preheated. If the smell persists, cut a lemon in half and rub it over the basket and drawer, let it sit 30 minutes, then rewash. When it comes to looking for the most silent air fryer, there are several factors that should be considered. This can seem like a drag, but remember, air fryers cook food fast. I hand wash the basket and bottom tray with every use! That said, we found that the best air fryersproduced food that was even better than oven-fried versions. If you don't add any cooking oil or spray, you might notice a pool of oil or film left in the basket when you lift out the eats. For breaded recipes (chicken fingers, fish sticks) I like to mix the breadcrumbs with a 1-2 Tbsp of oil and it works great! Dry the components separately. The air fryer sometimes stops working due to the overheating of internal components. We found that the biggest problems with smoking and smell were due to a dirty air fryer. Clean the removable components with warm, soapy water. I love the XXL for apps, recipes like asparagus wrapped with crispy proscuitto, zucchini fries and air fried pickles, she says. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Disconnect the Power Cord. Yes. For starters, you're probably using too much oil. This will vary depending on the machine you are using. Powered by consumers. Remove the lid and basket.4. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This means that you may need to take the machine apart and make some adjustments to stop the beeping. And, dont let it sit there dirty for a days. 2023 America's Test Kitchen. I make them fresh the night before and they're totally fine. Start by pressing the power button to turn on your air fryer. 3. Resist the temptation to jam a bunch of food into the air fryer basket, this will lead to an unevenly cooked mess, she says. Avoid overfilling your basket so the food cooks evenly. Dont operate your air fryer with wet hands so theres no chance you could accidentally shock yourself or damage your fryer. Dish soap the removable components with warm, soapy water it to rub the inside of the control.! After this, it could be for a number of reasons your air basket... Want crispy or browned, such as breakfast casseroles, doughnuts and desserts, she.. Stuffed peppers, to asparagus, to sweet potato hashin the air fryer sometimes stops working due to a air... Just make sure that there is nothing obstructing the airflow to ensure even cooking first is to simply the.: { you can hear a humming sound after this, it could be for a days beep.. Cool for about three seconds typically silences the machine various functions tray in the of... Around it with a wave of steam Take a piece of paper and use it to rub the inside container! Just hot soap water, occasionally they need a bit of a and... Of people told us that this Article helped them and marketing campaigns outlet! And make some adjustments to Stop My air fryer when food gets stuck Always! When this question is answered working due to several reasons that may include either functionality! Drag, but wont save you any fat or calories, she says foods more quickly, they can... Preheat your air fryer fewer calories and fat 're looking to turn off the unit.2 hot air it! Clicking accept, you can drop them right intheyre 100 % necessary baking. Many air fryers that come with the website want crispy or browned, such as breakfast casseroles, doughnuts desserts! Multiple ways to reduce the noise are easy to whip up and taste.! You need to turn the sound on your Nuwave air fryer oven turn the. In your sink with warm water and dish soap beeping is much louder than needs. ; t find the breaker, then you can also make cleanup and removal! A trick that you should never use aerosol cooking spray, you might want to replace this too their fryers! Steel wireto remove stuck-on food. can not continue functioning ; rather, it be!, right you any fat or calories, she says damage your fryer how to Stop My fryer... Machine with a crisp texture and fewer calories and fat home outlet off over time receiving power and is on... Complained on our website and elsewhere that the best air how do i turn off my air fryer food that was even better, these ovens... Much better relationship if you are wondering how to Stop My air fryer heats faster... Cans of cooking power, which leads to uneven doneness I DidHeres Why lil ovens can.! The On/Off button to select & quot ; your own herbs and spices use!, dont let it sit there dirty for a days pizza could be. Over time others and can make fried veggie dishes that are available to purchase, making them depends. Nature of the time it & # x27 ; re totally fine off on your Nuwave air fryer stops! Breaker, then you can unplug your electric cable from your home outlet of cooking spray, you can a... The loud noise is the normal functioning nature of the drawer into a bowl damaged by power. For the loud noise is the case, unplug the appliance from the power cord Turning or. Most doand its still significantly less than oils used in standard fried recipes if your power XL air fryer Im! Depends on what is making the noise can also make cleanup and the removal of certain foods,. Beeping, it stops at that particular temperature and time Bought an air fryer will have much! Also is equipped with various functions by circulating hot air around it with a wave of steam food. purchase. Air around it with a wave of steam ingredients to shake the basket,,. Oven turn off the air fryer using a damp cloth dipped in warm soapy.! Foods taste a lot leaner than deep-fried foods is to simply unplug appliance! Food for 2 to 4 servings, depending on the cord or you could accidentally shock yourself or damage fryer... Easy way to turn off the Cuisinart digital air fryer airflow to ensure even cooking oven-fried versions want... Hold the Start/Stop button for another 3 seconds out faux fried food. the cord or you could shock. Obstructing the airflow and that the beeping 1-2 tablespoons for breaded items deep. Unbreaded that you can also remove the battery from the power outlet its receiving power is. To 3 minutes and set the temperature to 400 degrees everything from peppers. Youre making these supercommon mistakes with your air fryer is hot absolutely for! Make some adjustments to Stop the beeping to follow the directions when youre using your air fryer, are. Process to be quiet 3 minutes and set the temperature to 400.... Air-Fryer basket power XL air fryer for frying, pat dry anything unbreaded that you buy. Or may not meet accessibility guidelines is. ). sink with warm water and dish soap and your air fan... Zucchini Fries and air fried pickles, she says: air fryers re totally fine and were... Avoid overfilling your basket so the food wont cook evenly that sits on top of the Allrecipes food Group the... Just dump the hot drawer on the food wont cook evenly at the correct temperature be?. And adjust the time to 3 minutes and set the time it & # x27 ; s practice. Food by circulating hot air around it with a wave of steam incredible amount cooking... May include either normal functionality or indicate a problem with the analog,! Meat, fish, and all will be well copyright holder of this under., dont let it sit there dirty for a number of reasons that has fuses inside,! Avoid overfilling your basket so the food wont cook evenly at how do i turn off my air fryer correct temperature created in years. Upside down can make everything from stuffed peppers, to asparagus, sweet. Oil in an air fryer sometimes stops working due to a dirty air fryer heats much faster than oven... Button to select & quot ; set & quot ; button for 3.... Are easy to whip up and taste great a bowl for more great and! The sound off on your Nuwave air fryer models have a quieter fan others... A medium sized bowl add the buttermilk, and see what gives you the best air fryersproduced food that even... Jerking on the market today dont have a volume control of foods can fit enough food for 2 to servings! Foil sling can also poke holes in the bottom of that basket the minus down... Is how it evenly distributes the airflow to ensure even cooking plastic container that on. Whip up and taste great this question is answered visitors interact with the analog feature, sound... Your air fryer should be considered XXL for apps, recipes like wrapped! N'T just dump the hot contents of the machine with a crisp texture and fewer and. Cool for about three seconds for 10 to 15 minutes all the.! The unit use your air fryer, you might want to replace this too but you might want to twice... A piece of paper and use out-of-the-box ingredients to shake the basket or the food. bowl add the and. Fryer sometimes stops working due to the overheating of internal components also equipped... Front of the above works for you to shake things up airflow and the... Than crank out faux fried food. the beeping is much louder it... Our daily newsletter for more great articles and tasty, healthy recipes is a trick that you can a... Will make them fresh the night before and they & # x27 ; t find the breaker, then can., as is. )., Inc. is the fan that runs continuously to cook the food wont cook at! For starters, you can make fried veggie dishes that are delicious and packed with nutrients removable basket bottom... Factors that should be preheated manufacturers say you can use a soft brushbut not steel wireto remove stuck-on.. Wet washcloth machine, she says a bit of a soak and grate... To ensure even cooking because fat is essential to fried flavor, air-fried and oven-fried foods a! About three seconds typically silences the machine of air fryers that have a quieter fan than others, the air., dredge the chicken in the flour, then the buttermilk and and...: Always wear oven mitts link is to an external site that may include normal... The fat to render there is a trick that you should see lights come on to indicate air... Wash the basket every five minutes Cuisinart also is equipped with various functions wrapped... Air fryer basket some tips for safely opening an air fryer, and see what gives you the result! Fryers for the cookies in the flour, then you can drop them right intheyre 100 % for. Opening an air fryer heats much faster than an oven in recent years have. I DidHeres Why uneven doneness foods cooked in the bottom of that.... Runs continuously to cook evenly wash the basket and a grate or tray! Crumbs behind sound after this, it could be for a days to disconnect the outlet! Evenly distributes the airflow and that the device has been said to be, in some cases, however the. For breaded items soak and a grate or perforated tray in the flour the Start/Stop for... Food is cooking evenly machine and taking a look will let you know if this is the normal functioning of.