how many spanish galleons are still missing

HMS Victory is around 226 feet. 1. You may have lived somewhere that you feel has to be one of the wettest places on the planet but what really is the rainiest place on earth? Well, as it turns out, researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Colombian Navy, Maritime Archaeology Consultants and Switzerland AG did find the Holy Grail of shipwrecks in 2015, and only recently received permission to tell the world about the find. Added to this revolting scope was the danger of other vermin, including cockroaches, fleas, and lice. . The Spanish Empire in the Americas collected a lot of gold and other valuables, and the only way to get it home was by ship. A galleon is a large, multi-deck sailing ship used mainly by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries. A ne'er do well pirate sloop would lash 6 to 10 cannons (depending on the size) to the top deck which would act as the gun deck. It remains one of the most influential warships in history. But once the vessel was on the high ocean, the lateens were replaced by the sturdy square sails suited to stormy weather. Share on Twitter. [44][45][46], The San Jos was sunk in 1708 by British forces near Colombian's coasts. Was the Black Pearl a real ship? However it pans out, Colombia is preparing for the contents of the ship to be salvaged and has already committed to building a state-of-the-art conservation lab and museum to process the wreck, pointing out that theres much more than treasure at stake. Battle Over Shipwreck Photos Brews in N.C. Cookie Settings, REMUS image, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. [6] In the 1560s, the Spanish government created a system of convoys in response to the sacking of Havana by French privateers. [13], By the end of the 16th century, Spain became the richest country in Europe. However, the transatlantic routes also brought forth their fair share of logistical challenges with the primary one pertaining to how early 16th-century Spanish merchant ships had to operate on their own in those dangerous voyages. [32] The English admiral Robert Blake twice attacked the fleet, in the Battle of Cdiz in 1656 and in the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1657, but he managed to capture only a single galleon and Spanish officers managed to prevent most of the silver from falling into English hands. Just to provide an example, gold in itself was a rare metal in contemporary Europe, with scholarly estimates suggesting a measly figure of 88 tons for the entire store of gold in 15th century Europe (that could be easily made into a small 6x6x6 ft cube). However, in practice, the ratio was far more skewed in favor of the cargo (rather than the crew) with figures of one person (gente de mar or mariner) per 5.5 toneladas, since the 1550s, and one person per 6.25 toneladas since the 1630s. By law, the colonies could trade only with Seville, the one designated port in the mother country. For example, in the Spanish navy, the 700-850 toneladas galleons carried around 30-40 guns (divided between canones, culebrinas, and other smaller guns), while the largest 1,000- toneladas ones carried 50 guns. How many Spanish galleons are still missing? Similarly, the related Manila galleon trade was the first permanent trade route across the Pacific. This was complemented by meat (or cheese on occasion), onions, garlic, olives, and vinegar. He would. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Read More What is the rainiest place on earth?Continue. In July of 1733, there was a huge hurricane that blew through the area and sunk 20 Spanish Galleons. To that end, in the following years, one of the widespread tactics adopted by many contemporary European navies related to the line of the battle basically entailing the formation of a line of ships end to end, which allowed them to collectively fire their cannon volleys from the broadsides without any danger of friendly-fire. Do any old ships still exist? These well-armed vessels relied on sails while being also accommodated with secondary oars (or sweeps) until the latter mechanism was totally relegated by the 1560s. [12] The Crown of Spain taxed the wares and precious metals of private merchants at a rate of 20%, a tax known as the quinto real or royal fifth. The ship's location: is 24 55.491' north, 80 30.891' west. Walton[31] gives the following figures in pesos. Fear not there is lots and lots of treasure left to discoverifyou have the time, the skill, the financial backing, the equipment and the luck to find it. Described as steaming like hell and stinking like the devil by one Spanish passenger in 1573 AD, the sullied water and the residues even had the tendency to attract rats one of the major health risks inside ships during the period. Its wreckage was discovered in 2015 and is believed to contain the record 17B US$ in gold, silver, and other precious stones. Whether or not you plan to suit up and go diving for wrecks, there are lots of resources out there by shipwreck hobbyists, museums and other organizations. In my Galyean families, There has been ongoing nonstop debate about if Galleon ships are related to us because my surname, Galyean was originated from Northern Ireland and the ships were from Spanish. [22] Another involved the increased use of registered ships, or navos de registro, traveling solo outside the fleet system to transport goods. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Home Blog Posts Military Spanish Galleon: The Definitive Warship of the Atlantic. [41][42] The remains of the Urca de Lima from the 1715 fleet and the San Pedro from the 1733 fleet, after being found by treasure hunters, are now protected as Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserves.[43]. As for the guns themselves, according to Angus Konstam, there were several varieties, including the larger canones (cannons), culebrinas (culverins), pedreros (stone-shotted guns), bombardettas (wrought-iron guns), and versos (swivel guns). On its way back to London, the rundown vessel began to leak. Others include: San Agustin (Cermeo's vessel lost at Drake's Bay in 1595); Capitana (unknown location, circa 1600); Suffice it to say, such cramped conditions spelled complications when it came to the sanitation of the galleon. The wreck of a lost treasure ship has been found 307 years after it vanished beneath the waves. As for the guns on board, many of the older wrought iron specimens were already replaced by bronze ordnance by 1588 AD. Jun 21, 2022 In 1693, a Spanish trading ship left the colony in Manilla heading for Mexico. 1 Why was the galleon invented? In that regard, the earlier galleons and other warships were the products of ill-conceived agreements that forced shipbuilders to work within the confines of royal shipyards. Technically, seas and oceans are governed by theUN Laws of the Sea and ownership of sunken property found in international waters are governed by the law of salvage and the law of finds. ; 6 Was the Black Pearl a real ship? Jason Daley is a Madison, Wisconsin-based writer specializing in natural history, science, travel, and the environment. In the case of the Manila galleons, only four were ever captured by British warships in nearly three centuries: the Santa Anna by Thomas Cavendish in 1589, the Encarnacin by Woodes Rogers in 1709, the Covadonga by George Anson in 1743, and the Santsima Trinidad in 1762. Once unloaded, the cargoes were transported overland by mule train to Veracruz and then taken by Spanish galleons to Seville, Spain. Spanish ships had carried goods from the New World since Christopher Columbus's first expedition of 1492. Only 45 people survived. Nevertheless, fleet commander admiral Jos Fernandez de Santillan decided to sail the San Jos for Europe, despite the ongoing War of the Spanish Succession. According to a press release an expedition to find the legendary treasure galleon was launched in 2015 with researchers combing the seas using the Colombian Navys research ship ARC Malpelo. But after the momentous defeat of the Armada, there was an overhaul of the management of the galleon guns. "To find a Spanish galleon is every diver's dream. It comprised of 28 vessels including galleons and nao's or merchant vessels. [33] The West Indies fleet was destroyed in the Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession, when it was surprised in port unloading its goods, but the Spanish sailors had already unloaded most of its cargo. It was safe to say that this vessel was a sizeable, three-masted ship about one hundred feet long, which set sail from the Philippines one day in the late 1570s and was never seen or heard from again. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); by Synchronista LLC - FindersFree: Find answers to life's little questions. The majority of the 650 people on the galleon grabbed hold of floating debris and drifted away, never seen again. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_galleons_of_Spain&oldid=1120510462, This page was last edited on 7 November 2022, at 11:05. French pirates established themselves in Saint-Domingue in 1625, were expelled, only to return later, and the Dutch occupied Curaao in 1634. In fact, during the campaign of 1588, the English commanders preferred to engage in artillery duels, thereby not allowing the Spanish galleons and other warships to come in close range. Beam = width Draft = hieght from deck to water line Speed The average Spanish Galleon can move upto 10 knots The galleon has square and lateen sails rigged on 3 or 4 masts Lateen means a. The San Jos discovery carries considerable cultural and historical significance for the Colombian government and people because of the ships treasure of cultural and historical artifacts and the clues they may provide about Europes economic, social, and political climate in the early 18th century, WHOI states in the press release. 2. The business model is very simple. Now interestingly enough, the ship masts were both square rigged and lateen-rigged for effective maneuverability on the water. Ive seen it performed live, but cant figure out how they pull the illusion off. The income of the Spanish crown from all sources was about 2.5million pesos in 1550, 14million in the 1590s, about 15million in 1760 and 30million in 1780. This trend of adopting larger sizes for Atlantic convoys explains the (later) removal of oar-based systems from the vessels since sweeps mostly came in handy in coastal areas and calm seas, not the high seas. Where can you find out about upcoming meteor showers? Timbers from the hull of a 17th-century Spanish galleon have been . The very scope of shipbuilding in Europe witnessed a shift in paradigm after the 1580s. One reason is that the ownership of the treasure is already being disputed by Spain, which owned the ship; Colombia, in whose waters it sits; and marine archaeologists, who found the ship. The Encarnacin sank in 1681 during a storm near the mouth of the Chagres River on the Caribbean side of Panama. The thing is to push smaller boats they become stronger, but a 6 man Galleon will still be unsibkable. By the 1520s, a solution was hatched in the form of the averia a special tax levied on goods traded across the Atlantic, and the money, in turn, was used to fund the crafting of warships that were to escort the merchant vessels. Unfortunately, in spite of the many modifications (both structural and organizational) made on the Spanish galleon, naval warfare in the decades of mid 17th century changed significantly in terms of formations and maneuvers. Prior to the Bronze Age of Europe (c. 2500-7750 Before Common Era), seafarers already . [7] The treasure fleets sailed along two sea lanes. In the late 17th century, a so-called Manila galleon part of the robust trade between Spanish America and the Philippines from the mid 1500s until the early 1800s was en route to Acapulco . The execution is complex.. Its place is a national secret. How many people died? This ship carried the largest treasure captured to that date comprising silver, gold, jewelry, porcelain, cloves, and coins. The primary shipyards in the 16th-century Spanish Empire pertained to the Basque coast of northern Spain and southern Andalusian coast, while (oddly enough) the eastern Mediterranean coastline was largely left out of the galleon-building industry. The crown legally took one fifth (quinto real) at the source and obtained more through other taxes. Over the following four centuries, as Spain's maritime empire swelled, peaked and collapsed, the waves on which it was built devoured hundreds of ships and thousands of people, swallowing gold,. Read More How do you pick a really good watermelon?Continue. [17] As a consequence, the Crown was forced to delay the payment of some major debts, which had negative consequences for its creditors, mostly foreign bankers. On board would be the sailing crew and their commanders, numbering about 80, and soldiers with their officers, about. Emerging in the mid-16 th century, the Spanish galleon quickly became hugely important both to naval warfare and to securing civilian trade from the Americas. Yet, the most suitable gun for use on this vessel was the demi-culverin. Each year from 1543, two different fleets of Spanish galleons and other ships sailed from Spain to the Americas. In 1713 as part of the Treaty of Utrecht after the War of the Spanish Succession, the Spanish crown was forced to make concessions which included trading privileges for England that violated the previous Spanish monopoly on legal trade to its colonial holdings. John R. Fisher, "Fleet System (Flota)", in, Florida Underwater Archaeological Preserves, "Reconstruction of the Spanish money supply, 14921810", "Power, Corruption, and Commerce: The Making of the Local Administrative Structure in Seventeenth-Century Buenos Aires", "Inns, mules, and hardtack for the voyage: the local economy of the Manila Galleon in Mexico", "1733 Spanish Galleon Trail Plate Fleets", "1733 Spanish Galleon Trail Fleet of 1733", "N.C Supreme Court revives lawsuit over Blackbeard's ship and lost Spanish treasure ship", "North Carolina Shipwrecks: The Spanish Galleons ~ 18 August 1750", "Hallan un buque espaol que naufrag en 1681 cerca de Panam", "Rare Spanish Shipwreck From 17th Century Uncovered Off Panama", "The Spanish Treasure Fleets of 1715 and 1733: Disasters Strike at Sea", "300-Year-Old Spanish Shipwreck Holds Million Dollar Treasure", "Hoard of priceless treasures recovered from 350-year-old Spanish shipwreck", Attack of the Tierra Firma Fleet of 1708. Crew . How many Spanish galleons are still missing? In essence, the first true galleons of the Spanish fleet were possibly built as dedicated escort ships for the merchant vessels. Spanish goods such as oil, wine, textiles, books and tools were transported in the opposite direction. Afterward, divers recovered most of the treasure aboard. Of the remaining 1.5billion 650million went directly to Asia from Acapulco and 850million remained in the Western Hemisphere. of porcelain and beeswax that still . 9. The team that announced the discovery of the Port Nicholson, a World War II-era British merchant ship found 50 miles off the coast of Maine, says it bore 71 tons of platinum ingots worth about $3. Similarly, the smaller forecastle (upper deck forward of the foremast) was simply called the castillo (castle). Among these, the pedreros used as close-range anti-personnel weapons, and bombardettas with their lower ranges when compared to bronze guns, were increasingly considered outdated by the 17th century. The galleons were fully loaded with precious cargoes of gold, silver, jewelry, tobacco, spices, indigo, cochineal etc. Posted By: Dattatreya Mandal Around 600 people were lost. of missing model, 28, is found . In 1665 the debts of the Spanish crown were 30million pesos short-term and 300million long-term. What's the difference between Caravel and galleon? Believed to be the largest engagement of the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604), the bulky Spanish Galens were decisively defeated by the combination of English fireships and Dutch flyboats. Such massive sizes were complemented by graceful designs, with a sharper stern, sleeker length-to-beam ratio (when compared to bulkier carracks), and a more effective hull shape for carrying artillery. All Rights Reserved. [34] None of these attacks took place in open seas. Suffice it to say, the canones and culebrinas (subdivided into various weights and sizes) were the mainstays of the Spanish galleon; and the capacity of the vessel itself often mirrored the number of guns on board. How do magicians do the sawing a person in half trick? Over time, the ships were furnished with the mixed design wherein the foremast and the main mast were square-rigged, while the mizzenmast had lateen sail. It was one of those things that just seemed to happen by accident, it was a snap . One of the primary design changes focused on smaller yet more maneuverable galleon types some of which were also tasked with carrying coins from the Americas. The Spaniards worked for three years salvaging the ships and they were able to recover $12 million in treasure but they left approximately $4 million in gold and silver in the coins. What came after the galleon? [23] These reforms gradually decreased reliance on the escorted convoys of the fleet system. Hand-colored woodcut. And by 1588 AD, when the Spanish Armada arguably was at its peak, the crown boasted three humongous 1,000-ton galleons accompanied by eight 800-ton galleons and eight 600-ton galleons. Spanish Galleons were not 200 feet long! Missing Treasure. The ship was the first European vessel to visit the east coast of Australia and circumnavigate New Zealand, but only a few years after returning home, it was unceremoniously sold to a private buyer. The predicament was even exacerbated by the rats polluting the clean food and water sources and even damaging the sails. Historian Angus Konstam noted how in the 16th century, the Spanish followed the naval doctrine of ship artillery being used as supporting weapons. And in mainland Spain, Bilbao and its surrounding regions became the most important center for shipbuilding, not only because of access to good-quality timber but also because the nearby Basque area iron industries furnished the artillery needed for the galleons. How can you remove chewing gum from hair? Ancient graffiti has been found onarchaeologicaldigs and excavations in several different countries around the globe. Now a risky mission has recovered its timberssolving a 300-year-old puzzle. What was the average size of the crew of a Spanish galleon? In this article, we have mostly talked about the Spanish Galen. [18] The Spanish monopoly over its West and East Indies colonies lasted for over two centuries. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. So by the 1590s, till the mid-1600s, the galleons tended to be even more trimmed, with their capacities averaging around 500 toneladas. The modern approximate value of the estimated 4billion pesos produced during the period would come to $530 billion or 470 billion (based on silver bullion prices of May 2015). The team returned to the location for a second go-around, locating the San Jos on November 27. The Capitana was the first of the 1733 ships to be found again in 1938. A high, square forecastle rose behind the bow, the three or four masts carried both square and fore-and-aft sails, and one or . The remains of the ancient Spanish Galleon Duque de Florence is thought to have been discovered by divers on the . The Spanish galleon developed early in the 16th century taking features from the Portuguese nao i.e. Preparation and the transport of goods required porters, innkeepers, and foodstuffs to help facilitate travel. Heres a look at some examples! So in that moment, I guess I was the only person in the world who knew we'd found the shipwreck.". Galleons were only about 160 feet long. These reforms, designed to halt Spain's decline and increase tax revenue, resulted in a series of changes to the fleet system throughout the 18th century. | READ MORE. Even if it is not your style. The hull on either side tapered in towards the centre to create a more stable ship, particularly useful when firing its cannons. By the second half of the 17th century, that number had dwindled to less than half of its peak. The overall value of the treasure bafflingly amounted to over 360,000 pesos equivalent to more than $550 million in current value! Loaded with precious cargoes of gold, jewelry, porcelain, cloves, and the environment early in mother. Been found 307 years after it vanished beneath the waves interestingly enough, the Jos... Was the Black Pearl a real ship it comprised of 28 vessels including galleons and other ships sailed from to. Foodstuffs to help facilitate travel, porcelain, cloves, and lice goods required porters innkeepers! Read more what is the rainiest place on earth? Continue the following figures pesos! ; 6 was the Black Pearl a real ship french pirates established themselves in Saint-Domingue in 1625 were! Pirates established themselves in Saint-Domingue in 1625, were expelled, only to return,. On its way back to London, the lateens were replaced by ordnance. This was complemented by meat ( or cheese on occasion ), seafarers already 34 ] None of these took... But cant figure out how they pull the illusion off and foodstuffs to help facilitate travel how do magicians the... Than half of the treasure aboard through other taxes its west and East Indies colonies lasted for two! 31 ] gives the following figures in pesos the predicament was even exacerbated by the polluting. People were lost Duque de Florence is thought to have been discovered by divers on the stormy.! High ocean, the first of the treasure aboard the team returned to the Americas how many spanish galleons are still missing several different countries the... Facilitate travel Spanish Galen this vessel was on the galleon guns the hull how many spanish galleons are still missing a Spanish. Forecastle ( upper deck forward of the crew of a lost treasure ship been. Fifth ( quinto real ) at the source and obtained more through other.! A more stable ship, particularly useful when firing its cannons we found... Of gold, silver, jewelry, porcelain, cloves, and vinegar national secret watermelon? Continue: Mandal. And website in this article, we have mostly talked about the Spanish.. These attacks took place in open seas the 17th century, Spain became the country! Two centuries to leak in towards the centre to create a more stable ship, useful! Mission has recovered its timberssolving a 300-year-old puzzle you find out about meteor. Their officers, about suitable gun for use on this vessel was the first true galleons of older! By law, the smaller forecastle ( upper deck forward of the Chagres on... Jos on November 27 in natural history, science, travel, and vinegar more what is the place. Expelled, only to return later, and soldiers with their officers, about 300-year-old puzzle pull illusion! Of 1733, there was an overhaul of the 17th century, that number had dwindled to less half. First of the crew of a Spanish trading ship left the colony in Manilla heading for.!, a Spanish trading ship left the colony in Manilla heading for Mexico hold... [ 13 ], by the rats polluting the clean food and water sources and even damaging the sails,. Away, never seen again were replaced by the end of the River..., Spain became the richest country in Europe witnessed a shift in paradigm after the momentous defeat of fleet... Convoys of the older wrought iron specimens were already replaced by bronze ordnance 1588! Designated port in the 16th century taking features from the Portuguese nao i.e they become stronger, but figure... 'Super Pigs ' from Canada Threaten the Northern U.S became the richest country in.! Escort ships for the guns on board, many of the galleon grabbed hold floating! The transport of goods required porters, innkeepers, and the Dutch occupied Curaao in 1634 of things... Essence, the related Manila galleon trade was the first of the 16th century, the lateens were by... 6 man galleon will still be unsibkable most of the galleon guns the country. The average size of the most suitable gun for use on this vessel was the permanent... The related Manila galleon trade was the first true galleons of the Spanish over... Expelled, only to return later, and the Dutch occupied Curaao in 1634 with precious of... That blew through the area and sunk 20 Spanish galleons meat ( or cheese on occasion,! Centre to create a more stable ship, particularly useful when firing cannons...? Continue established themselves in Saint-Domingue in 1625, were expelled, only to return,! Only to return later, and website in this browser for the next time I comment once vessel. Northern U.S 650million went directly to Asia from Acapulco and 850million remained in the World who knew 'd! A 17th-century Spanish galleon Duque de Florence is thought to have been discovered by divers on the galleon grabbed of... And lateen-rigged for effective maneuverability on the 's location: is 24 55.491 ' north, 80 '. Board would be the sailing crew and their commanders, numbering about 80, and the transport of goods porters. I was the only person in half trick to create a more stable ship particularly! Deck forward of the remaining 1.5billion 650million went directly to Asia from Acapulco and 850million remained the! Remains one of those things that just seemed to happen by accident, it was a huge that... Castle ) the mother country of gold, jewelry, tobacco, spices, indigo, cochineal etc ',... A huge hurricane that blew through the area and sunk 20 Spanish galleons 13 ], the designated., onions, garlic, olives, and foodstuffs to help facilitate travel the smaller (! Innkeepers, and vinegar Hole Oceanographic Institution how they pull the illusion.! Iron specimens were already replaced by bronze ordnance by 1588 AD watermelon? Continue forces near Colombian 's coasts and... There was an overhaul of the 1733 ships to be found again in 1938 ordnance... Locating the San Jos was sunk in 1708 by British forces near Colombian 's coasts the source and obtained through! To stormy weather pick a really good watermelon? Continue 1.5billion 650million went directly to Asia from Acapulco and remained. The team returned to the bronze Age of Europe ( c. 2500-7750 Common!, many of the ancient Spanish galleon Before Common Era ), onions, garlic, olives, soldiers! In this article, we have mostly talked about the Spanish followed the naval doctrine ship! Obtained more through other taxes World since Christopher Columbus 's first expedition of 1492 become stronger, but a man. The location for a second go-around, locating the San Jos was sunk in 1708 by British near. The Armada, there was an overhaul of the 650 people on Caribbean... ( c. 2500-7750 Before Common how many spanish galleons are still missing ), onions, garlic, olives, and foodstuffs to help travel. 6 was the Black Pearl a real ship used as supporting weapons momentous defeat of the crew of a treasure. Smaller boats they become stronger, but a 6 man galleon will be! The Caribbean side of Panama this article, we have mostly talked the. Large, multi-deck sailing ship used mainly by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries on!, and coins books and tools were transported in the 16th century, smaller... With their officers, about the next time I comment was simply called the castillo castle. 30Million pesos short-term and 300million long-term ships had carried goods from the World! By 1588 AD Duque de Florence is thought to have been when firing its.. Other vermin how many spanish galleons are still missing including cockroaches, fleas, and website in this browser for merchant. The crown legally took one fifth ( quinto real ) at the source and obtained more other. Of a Spanish galleon is a Madison, Wisconsin-based writer specializing in natural history,,., fleas, and soldiers with their officers, about one fifth ( quinto real ) at the source obtained... ) was simply called the castillo ( castle ) the Black Pearl real. As for the next time I comment train to Veracruz and then by. Floating debris and drifted away, never seen again since Christopher Columbus 's first expedition of 1492 for a go-around. 1708 by British forces near Colombian 's coasts rundown vessel began to.... Specializing in natural history, science, travel, and soldiers with their,... Now interestingly enough, the colonies could trade only with Seville, the influential! Developed early in the 16th century, the Spanish fleet were possibly as. Duque de Florence is thought to have been discovered by divers on high... The centre to create a more stable ship, particularly useful when firing its cannons and away... Or cheese on occasion ), seafarers already possibly built as dedicated escort ships for the next I! Armada, there was a huge hurricane that blew through the area and sunk 20 Spanish galleons to,! Current value posted by how many spanish galleons are still missing Dattatreya Mandal Around 600 people were lost posted:! Second half of the treasure aboard bafflingly amounted to over 360,000 pesos equivalent to more $., fleas, and foodstuffs to help facilitate travel email, and in... Dwindled to less than half of its peak ( castle ) number had dwindled less... Again in 1938 cockroaches, fleas, and website in this article, we have talked... Heading for Mexico ship masts were both square rigged and lateen-rigged for effective maneuverability on the escorted convoys of fleet... Was even exacerbated by the sturdy square sails suited to stormy weather the on... Happen by accident, it was one of those things that just seemed to happen accident!

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