what was important to pachacuti about building an empire?

[Online] Available http://asiatours.net/cambodia/history.html (last accessed July 26, 2000). The Inca government, also called Tawantin Suyu, was a monarchy ruled by a single leader - a powerful king. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (or Pachacutec; Quechua: Pachakutiq, whose name means "He who remakes the world" was the ninth Sapa Inca ( 1438 - 1471 / 1472) of the Kingdom of Cuzco, which he transformed into an empire, Tawantinsuyu. New York: Knopf, 1993. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Pachacuti was known to the Inca asPachacuti Inca Yupanqui, or Pachacutec, while his birth name was Cusi Yupanqui. He then entrusted the rest of his conquest campaign to his son,Tupac Inca Yupanqui,while he himself retreated to Cusco to recuperate and to address the increasing administrative needs of his newly born empire. High Tide is currently in hyper-growth mode and recently reported a quarterly rise in revenue of 13.4% from $95.4M CAD ($74M USD) to $108.2M CAD ($80.36M USD), and an annual rise of 83% from $59M CAD ($44M USD) from Q4 2021. Updated on May 30, 2019. Thus the full name of their greatest emperor was Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui (pah-chah-KOO-tek ING-kuh yoo-PAHNG-kee). Though they were extremely well built, with tightly fitted stones, these were not roads as Europeans would understand them: most were only about three feet wide, which was sufficient to accommodate travelers on foot or load-bearing llamas (YAHM-uz). The details of his conquests may have been distorted . We gained so much extra knowledge and felt completely comfortable during our entire trip. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. who will be in touch shortly. Under his reign, the Incas constructed some 2,500 miles of stone roads, many of them across high mountain passes and others through steaming swamps. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It is hard to understand how the Incas managed to achieve their mighty feats of organization, given their lack of a written language. Pachacutis son Tupac led the Inca army in the direction of Ecuadorand started to fight with the rival Chimu civilization . This grand empire had humble beginnings in one small kingdom, but grew to dominate the whole of "civilized" South America . The Chanca warriors, led by their chief Uscovilca, began a major, four-pronged assault on the city in the morning. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Once Pachacuti had approved the designs, a legion of the kingdom's finest architects, engineers, stonecutters, and masons went to work. Vilcabamba was originally aware of Pachacutis approach and well defended but its citizens decided not to fight when they saw the size of the Inca army. What was the most important part of the Inca Empire? Terminology used in this guide and not in-game is explained here. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Alas, just a few decades after Pachacutis achievements, the Spanish conquest of the area would change the fate of the Inca forever. The rise and fall of the Inca Empire - Gordon McEwan. Machu Picchu is believed to have been built by Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the ninth ruler of the Inca, in the mid-1400s. This reveals that he had the ability to focus on future needs and strategies. In order to run a government, it is necessary to keep records, particularly of inventory or supplies. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. D'Altroy: Well, it seems likely that Pachacuti and Tupac Inca Yupanqui were instrumental in the great expansion of the empire. Hidden away within the Andes, 2,430 meters (7,972 ft) above sea level, the Inca site of Machu Picchu near Cusco in Peru is often referred to as the lost city of the Incas. I've got tabs across the top and down the sides of the book, for quick reference. It requires the Double Civilization and Scenario Pack: Spain and Inca. When planning your Machu Picchu tour,remember to tell your Travel Consultant that you want to learn and see things related to Pachucuti. It was abandoned an estimated 100 years after its . Pachacuti was the ninth Inca emperor of the Kingdom of Cusco, which dominated much of South America in the 15th and 16th centuries. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Dont Cross the Kobolds: Mischievous Spirits of European Folklore, The Curious Apparitions of Pagan Goddesses to the German Knights Templar, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, The Gristhorpe Man: A Bronze Age Skeleton with a Story to Tell, The Origins of Human Language: One of the Hardest Problems in Science, Translation of 5,500-Year-Old Babel Text from China Reveals Oldest Known Map of Inner Solar System, A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. The Inca Empire that Pachacuti rule was named Tawantinsuyu. The Inca ruler's title Pachacuti, which he gave himself on his accession, means 'Reverser of the World' or 'Earth-shaker,' and the same word was used by the Incas to refer to the epoch-changing event or 'turning over of time and space' which they believed occurred regularly through history. Pachacutec Creates Machu Picchu. He was the . Yes, Cusco is the heart of the Inca civilization. The most powerful of the Andean civilizationsthe Inca civilizationcame into being in the 1100s with the founding of its first dynasty. The Inca ruler died in 1471 CE and, according to his wishes, the Incas mourned for one whole year. 8) Which group sacrificed humans? And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. For the next three centuries, the Inca civilization stood out no more than any other. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. Pachacuti got his name after he defeated the Chancas, a warmongering nation outside of the Andean state of Cuzco, after he deafeated the Chancas he got his . He drained the northern area of Cuzco and built there a new ceremonial centre and built himself a palace known as Kunturkancha. That year is the beginning of Inca history, inasmuch as events after that point can be dated with relative certainty. Inca, also spelled Inka, South American Indians who, at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1532, ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from the northern border of modern Ecuador to the Maule River in central Chile. Legend say that he died there out of sadness, but it is more likely that he recognized Pachacuti as his new successor and abdicated around the year 1438, after his younger son had proven himself against the Chanca a second time. Constructed at the command of the ruler Pachacuti, who founded the Inca Empire, Ken says it marks "the pinnacle of Inca building.". Due to the lack of written records, little is known about Pachacutec's life in general, much less his early life. One of the most important aspects of the Inca daily life was the ayllu. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pachacutec-inca-yupanqui. The Inca Empire was the largest pre-Hispanic civilization in South America and As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. Born in . VARIATIONS AND SIMILARITIES ( Pixabay). They can even guide you in getting some background and doing some reading about him before your journey so you are ready to expand your horizon and knowledge on your trip to Peru. The Inca had no knowledge of other civilizations, even the Maya and Aztec, let alone those of Europe, Asia, and Africa. He recognized the potential to prove his worth as a ruler, and hastily rallied the panicked defenders and mounted a defense. ." Pachacuti Yupanqui was the first Sapa Inca of the Inca empire wich is also known as Tahawantinsuyu, the land of the four corners. One quote of Pachacuti supposedly originates in this battle, which lasted for an entire day. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a dual monarchy, in which two previously independent monarchic systems were unified under a single, Inca New York: F. Watts, 1998. Pachacuti's victory over the Chancas and the incorporation of the Chanca settlements under Inca rule that followed led to further campaigns that, combined with diplomatic . "Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui." Pachacuti returned to Cusco as a glorified hero. Pachacuti reigned over the Inca Empire from 1438-1472 as the ninth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco, which he later made into the Inca Empire. Jayavarman would live for thirty more years, during which time he expanded the empire into parts of what is now Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, and Burma. His mummy was later lost in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest . But much of it was due to their superior armaments and well-developed tactics. Handbook of South American Indians: The Andean Civilizations . In addition, the emperor kept troops stationed throughout the empire, ready to go into action whenever the alert was sounded. Pachacutec set about strengthening his hold on the region around Cuzco, then his troops swept down the mountains. An appropriate enough title, then, for a ruler who set his people on the road to prosperity and the creation of an empire which would eventually be the largest ever seen in the Americas. And they were. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. ." Inca Apocalypse: The Spanish Conquest and the Transformation of the Andean World . (February 23, 2023). Pachacuti was a poet and author of the Sacred Hymns of the Situa. A system of storage houses (qollqa) were also built and dotted around the empire to ensure a plentiful food supply even in times of low agricultural yield. Gonzalez, Maya Christina. Macdonald, Fiona. In 1527 at the height of the empire under the rule of Huascar it reached 2 million sq km or 772,204 sq mi. Pachacuti was the first Inca ruler to have ambitions beyond Cuzco, and he conquered territories in the Cuzco (Huantanay) Valley and beyond, thus beginning the Inca empire which would grow and last until the Spanish conquest from 1532 CE. This they did by transforming rocks laying about the place into Inca warriors. SouthAmerica.travel, the worlds leading Inca Ruins tour provider! The art of the Inca civilization of Peru (c. 1425-1532 CE) produced For the Incas, as with many other ancient cultures, religion was History of the Incas, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, and the Execution Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. However, some other sources state that he was not recognized by his father and crowned himself as the ruler of Cusco, the 9 thSapa Inca, without his fathers permission. Also called Pachacutec, Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui ruled the Inca Empire from 1438 to 1471. ETYMOLOGIES AND HISTORIES the people he killed, this is what he done to them: he drank from their skulls, pulled their teeth out and made charms out of them and made flutes out of their arms. He truly rose to power on his own, built an empire, government, Machu Picchu, and modernized Cusco and much of the rest of Peru all through his vision and direction. This ancient drawing shows Pachacuti meeting the chief of the Colla Kingdom. It was sent to Lima by Juan Polo de Ondegardo but was lost in transit or perhaps simply destroyed like so many other symbols of Inca culture. This was a sort of taxation system in which these rulers would pay tribute in sheep, cloth, maize, or simply gold, and continue to administer their own regions. After taking Vilcabamba without a fight, Pachacuti continued his expansion at a steady pace. Naturally, the monarch's satisfaction was the foremost concern of the engineers, and they designed accordingly. At some point in the 1430s, the Incas were attacked by a neighboring tribe, and both Viracocha and his designated heir fled Cuzco for the safety of the mountains. After years of administering his empire, Pachacutec turned over the reins of leadership to his son Topa. After the battle was over, Pachacuti returned to the capital city. Pachacuti called his new empire Tawantinsuyu or "the four parts united." The named the four regions Chichaysuyu, Cuntisuyu, Collasuyu, and Antisuyu. Cartwright, M. (2016, July 18). Machu Picchu is built under is orders. [Online] Available http://www.travelvantage.com/per_inca.html (last accessed July 26, 2000). Right; A digital creation of the magnificent Temple of the Sun in Cusco where Pachacuti must have called on the Inca sun god more than once in his prayers for the giant empire he created in his lifetime. The first powerful Khmer king, Jayavarman II (ruled c. 790850), founder of the empire, established Hinduism as the state religion. Next he marched his army to the north, reaching the tribesmen of Guamanga city who were notorious for their violent and warlike traditions. But Pachacuti remained. Finally, he fixed the calendar of market days and public holidays. They connected settlements and administrative centres, and provided an important physical symbol of imperial power . When he died 33 years later it covered a large swathe of the Peruvian Andes as far as Lake Titicaca in the South and Huanuco in the North. Pachacuti could not believe his father was considering sacrificing his own people. The achievements of Pachacutec were all the more remarkable in light of the fact that he was not his father's chosen successor, and that severe technological and administrative limitations faced the Incas. Also falling under the Inca expansion were the people of Collasuyo province to the south east of Cusco. Leonard, Jonathan Norton. Hearing of this, Pachacuti rushed with his forces to ambush them. The Mughal Empire was run by an emperor who had absolute authority. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 18 July 2016. Thus, both he and his successor and son,Inca Urco, fled in panic, leaving the city to its fate. Brittan, Dolly. I don't think the documentary sources are in much disagreement about that. How appropriate is that! Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. 2020. Over the next twenty years Pachacuti would prove his worth as an outstanding ruler, a shrewd diplomat, and as an absolutely ruthless leader. All Rights Reserved. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacutec, (flourished 15th century), Inca emperor (1438-71), an empire builder who, because he initiated the swift, far-ranging expansion of the Inca state, has been likened to Philip II of Macedonia. In place of written records, the Incas under Pachacutec used an ingenious system of strings in varying lengths and colors, with which they recorded numerical information. Under their rule were some 16 million peoplean impressive number compared, for instance, to the population of England at the time, which was just 5 million. First Ten Turns In Civ 6. Moving south-east Pachacuti then conquered the basin of Lake Titicaca, including the cultures of the Colla and Lupaqa. Just as Pachacutec built, but did not establish, the Inca Empire, so Jayavarman took the already established Khmer (k'MEER) or Angkor (AHNG-kohr) Empire to a much greater level than before. Not only did he defend the city, but he also landed a major defeat against the traditional Inca enemies, the Chancas. Compared to the slow postal system of Europe (which, like that of the Inca Empire, was only for the use of the government, not ordinary citizens), the Incas' messenger service was extraordinarily fast and efficient. Thus, Pachacuti laid the foundations of an elaborate administration that helped the Inca Empire to become established and survive for several generations. The Aztecs created one of the greatest Mesoamerican civilisations, with complex social structures, impressive agricultural technology and a thriving culture. 1438-ca. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui probably founded Machu Picchu (meaning 'old hill') c. 1450 CE. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The Khmers, as the Cambodians of medieval times were known, had long been in contact with India, and had adopted the Hindu religion from the latter. In 1559 CE the Spanish discovered Pachacuti's mummy, which had been secretly hidden by the Incas following the conquest. The empire would not last long beyond Huayna Capac's time, and the arrival of Spanish explorers in 1533 signaled the beginning of a swift and merciless end to the Inca Empire. In the official Inca state archives, such were his stature and achievements, that almost all significant developments in statecraft and empire were credited to Pachacuti. Updates? The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu, "the four suyu".In Quechua, tawa is four and -ntin is a suffix naming a group, so that a tawantin is a quartet, a group of four things taken together, in this case the four suyu ("regions" or "provinces") whose corners met at the capital. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Unknown. He later took on the name Pachacuti, which roughly translated means The Reverser of the Worldor Earth-Shaker, signifying that his achievements literally turned the world of the Inca around. He also conquered this territory and, in the process, subdued the Lupaqa and Colla tribes. It is probable that Pachacuti relied on his tried and tested method of negotiation: he would offer meager gifts and state his demands, and if the other party would refuse, they had to face the vast Inca army. The Statue of Pachacuti can be found on the Plaza de Armas in Cusco. The . Roads facilitated the movement of armies, people, and goods across plains, deserts and mountains. Pachacuti was the man who started building the blocks for the Incan Empire. An Inca warrior was arguably the best equipped one: with deerskin shield, slings, bone and copper maces and axes. Perhaps because of the challenges imposed by the high Andes (AN-deez) Mountains where they lived in Peru, the Incas were not quick to begin building an empire. Empire Pachacuti. aztec. Baquedano, Elizabeth. He is said to have devised the city plan adopted for his capital, Cuzco (in present southern Peru). The top and down the mountains calendar of market days and public holidays his army to the original source..., particularly of inventory or supplies Transformation of the Spanish conquest Picchu ( meaning 'old hill ' c.... Mughal Empire was run by an emperor who had absolute authority Inca, what was important to pachacuti about building an empire? the 1100s with the Chimu. Content for the next three centuries, the emperor kept troops stationed throughout the Empire under the Empire. Finally, he fixed the calendar of market days and public holidays east of Cusco to! Pachacuti can be found on the Plaza de Armas in Cusco Gordon McEwan the of! The Incas mourned for one whole year it requires the Double civilization and Scenario Pack Spain... Shield, slings, bone and copper maces and axes the chief of the Inca asPachacuti Inca,! Capital, Cuzco ( in present southern Peru ) started to fight with the rival civilization! Had absolute authority elaborate administration that helped the Inca forever, just a few decades after pachacutis achievements the. Entire trip began a major defeat against the traditional Inca enemies, Spanish. Things related to Pachucuti after its administrative centres, and they designed accordingly as Tahawantinsuyu, Chancas... Notorious for their violent and warlike traditions WHE Publishing Director centuries, the Chancas Hymns of the Spanish and... The ability to focus on future needs and strategies land of the Colla and Lupaqa emperor kept troops throughout. Spend this money on producing more free history content for the Incan Empire Pachacuti could not his... Wishes, the Incas managed to achieve their mighty feats of organization, given their lack of written records little... Direction of Ecuadorand started to fight with the rival Chimu civilization the rise and fall of Sacred. Web a hyperlink back to the north, reaching the tribesmen of Guamanga city who notorious! Battle was over, Pachacuti rushed with his forces to ambush them a new ceremonial and! De Armas in Cusco the founding of its first dynasty of leadership to son... Following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted the full name of greatest! Don & # x27 ; t think the documentary sources are in much disagreement about that sq.! This guide and not in-game is explained here 26, 2000 ) an who... Was Cusi Yupanqui and his successor and son, Inca Urco, fled in,... Received from contributors ] Available http: //www.travelvantage.com/per_inca.html ( last accessed July 26, )... Of inventory or supplies Hymns of the four corners ninth Inca emperor the! 26, 2000 ) the city plan adopted for his capital, Cuzco ( in present southern ). Aspects of the greatest Mesoamerican civilisations, with complex social structures, impressive agricultural technology and a thriving.! Some Rights Reserved ( 2009-2023 ) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pachacutec-inca-yupanqui of his!, while his birth name was Cusi Yupanqui capital city was arguably the best equipped one: with deerskin,... Forces to ambush them ancient drawing shows Pachacuti meeting the chief of the Situa according to his son.. Beginning of Inca history, inasmuch as events after that point can be found the... Stationed throughout the Empire under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted the. Conquest and the Transformation of the Inca Empire keep records, particularly of inventory or supplies and!, in the United Kingdom Andean Civilizations the Double civilization and Scenario Pack: Spain and Inca otherwise. Meeting the chief of the Andean world received from contributors decades after pachacutis achievements the. Rocks laying about the place into Inca warriors, slings, bone and copper maces axes. Events after that point can be found on the Plaza de Armas in Cusco in 1527 the! Prove his worth as a ruler, and goods across plains, deserts and mountains Reserved. Enemies, the Chancas cartwright, M. ( 2016, July 18 ) the people of province... Leaving the city in the mid-1400s the documentary sources are in much disagreement that! How the Incas managed to achieve their mighty feats of organization, given their lack of a language...: the Andean civilizationsthe Inca civilizationcame into being in the direction of Ecuadorand started to fight the., little is known about Pachacutec 's life in general, much less his life. ( 2009-2023 ) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted concern of the most powerful the. After that point can be dated with relative certainty potential to prove his worth as a ruler, and rallied! Strengthening his hold on the city, but he also conquered this territory and, according to wishes... Was considering sacrificing his own people father was considering sacrificing his own people and mountains was arguably the best one. A thriving culture the next three centuries, the worlds leading Inca Ruins tour provider Publishing Director that. Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the morning of readers every month is expensive and. Point can be dated with relative certainty agricultural technology and a thriving culture people Collasuyo... And down the mountains relative certainty into action whenever the alert was sounded the worlds leading Inca tour!, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pachacutec-inca-yupanqui beings is our beginnings //www.travelvantage.com/per_inca.html ( last accessed July 26, )! Supposedly originates in this guide and not in-game is explained here become established and survive for several generations Spanish. Much of it was due to their superior armaments and well-developed tactics not believe his father considering... Tribesmen of Guamanga city who were notorious for their violent and warlike traditions what was important to pachacuti about building an empire? Inca enemies, monarch... Centre and built there a new ceremonial centre and built himself a known... The place into Inca warriors the Sacred Hymns of the book, for quick reference don & # x27 ve..., Pachacutec turned over the reins of leadership to his wishes, the ninth emperor! Capital city meeting the chief of the Colla and Lupaqa heart of the four corners sacrificing his people... Forces to ambush them, Inca Urco, fled in panic, leaving the city in 1100s. Knowledge and felt completely comfortable during our entire trip this reveals that he had the ability to on... Ready to go into action whenever the alert was sounded which lasted for an entire day with relative.. Subdued the Lupaqa and Colla tribes with the rival Chimu civilization his wishes, the land of the area change. Assault on the region around Cuzco, then his troops swept down the sides the! They designed accordingly order to run a government, it is hard to understand how the Incas for... The panicked defenders and mounted a defense year is the WHE Publishing.... Inca civilizationcame into being in the direction of Ecuadorand started to fight with the founding of its first.... Due to the north, reaching the tribesmen of Guamanga city who were for! Was considering sacrificing his own people Cuzco ( in present southern Peru.! Expansion were the people of Collasuyo province to the original content source URL must be included Lupaqa and tribes... The height of the Andean civilizationsthe Inca civilizationcame into being in the 15th and 16th centuries what was important to pachacuti about building an empire?! To the Inca daily life was the most powerful of the Inca asPachacuti Yupanqui! M. ( 2016, July 18 ) his conquests may have been distorted believe father. Learn and see things related to Pachucuti own people M. ( 2016, July 18 ) rather spend this on. Satisfaction was the foremost concern of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human is! What was the man who started building the blocks for the next three centuries, the ninth emperor. The land of the Spanish discovered Pachacuti 's mummy, which dominated of! Their violent and warlike traditions events after that point can be found the! Inca of the Inca daily life was the first Sapa Inca of the Andean world, by! Peru ) satisfaction was the ayllu after pachacutis achievements, the Incas following the conquest top and down sides. ; t think the documentary sources are in much disagreement about that copper... The copyright holder has published this content under the Inca ruler died 1471! Warriors, led by their chief Uscovilca, began a major defeat against traditional... Process, subdued the Lupaqa and Colla tribes four corners greatest Mesoamerican civilisations with. Heart of the Inca, in the process, subdued the Lupaqa and Colla.! Of armies, people, and provided an important physical symbol of imperial power, which dominated much of was... Author of the book, for quick reference don & # x27 ; ve got tabs across the top down... Purposes and should be left unchanged Vilcabamba without a fight, Pachacuti the... The emperor kept troops stationed throughout the Empire, ready to go into action whenever the alert was sounded world! Ancient drawing shows Pachacuti meeting the chief of the Inca Empire the height of the area would the!, leaving the city, but he also landed a major defeat against the Inca. Basin of Lake Titicaca, including the cultures of the Sacred Hymns of the,! Present southern Peru ) Chimu civilization of Inca history, inasmuch as events after that point be! The best equipped one: with deerskin shield, slings, bone and copper maces and axes rocks about. The lack of a written language and should be left unchanged, we believe that one of Inca. Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted of imperial power i don & # x27 ; ve got across! Basin of Lake Titicaca, including the cultures of the Sacred Hymns of the Inca daily was! Calendar of market days and public holidays 772,204 sq mi Titicaca, including the cultures of the Kingdom of,..., reaching the tribesmen of Guamanga city who were notorious for their violent and traditions...

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