selene greek mythology

Selene. In this aspect she was closely associated with Dionysus. These two goddesses have additional association with Hecate. Often when one god supplanted another in a particular domain, the stories that involved that god were changed to reflect this. 68 A75 D-K). [144] And, according to a scholium on Theocritus, Pindar wrote that lovesick women would pray to Selene for help, as Euripides apparently had Phaedra, Selene's great-niece, do in his lost play Hippolytus Veiled. Selene, like her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her birth but they were no less important to the Greeks. In Dionysica, Selene promises the god that she will work with him to punish his enemies with fits of insanity. [8] The masculine form of mene (men) was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Certain types of insanity were said to be brought on by the moons influence, and it was believed that Selene had the power to create lunacy with purpose. While her brother was clad in shining gold, her light was softer and more clear. [112], Selene was often paired with her brother Helios. She was usually shown driving a chariot or riding sidesaddle on a horse, often with her brother beside her. The legendary Greek poet, Museaus, a mortal, was also said to be the child of Selene from an unknown father. ", Sorrenti, Stefania, "Les reprsentations figures de Jupiter Dolichnien Rome," in, Thomas, Edmund. [128], Originally, Pandia may have been an epithet of Selene,[129] but by at least the time of the late Hymn to Selene, Pandia had become a daughter of Zeus and Selene. This includes mythical sea monsters, whales, sharks, dragons, and venomous animals. She was often said to be the mother of the Horai, the personifications of the division of time and the seasons. [113] Selene and Helios also appear on the North Metopes of the Parthenon, with Selene this time entering the sea on horseback. In their stories, it is Diana, the Roman counterpart of Artemis, who falls in love with the beautiful mortal. 3 (cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 4.57). The Greeks recognized several goddesses as having a connection to the moon, but none was as closely associated with it as Selene. Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 3.57. This might have had a role in the later identification of Selene with Hecate, who was, after all, the goddess of witchcraft and spells. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). But on nights the moon could not be seen, there was a very good reason for her absence. The most well-known story of Selene is her love of the mortal man Endymion. Who were Zeus' Lovers? Selene saw him as she passed overhead and fell deeply in love. 17th century bronze statue of Hercules and the Nemean Lion; possibly French. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. The bull was also one of her symbols and at times it was the bull that she was depicted to be riding. In other versions, Endymion was actually taken to Mount Olympus. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. According to the Catalogue of Women, Endymion was the son of Aethlius (a son of Zeus), and Zeus granted him the right to choose when he would die. Though Selene was ultimately able to fight the creature off, the scars from their battle remained forever carved on the face of the moon. She is usually portrayed either driving a chariot (see above) or riding sideways on horseback[111] (sometimes riding an ox, a mule or a ram). Selene appeared each night over the water, shining all the more because she emerged from bathing in the sea. 527532; Shear, pp. By the 5th century bc Selene was sometimes identified with Artemis, or Phoebe, the bright one. She was usually represented as a woman with the moon (often in crescent form) on her head and driving a two-horse chariot. Selene was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Multiple sources say that she had a hand in the creation of the Nemean Lion, whether that was only Selene working on her own or in conjunction with Hera. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. (Also, the name of the Titan Goddess Phoebe and an epithet of Artemis.). In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/slini/; Greek: pronounced[seln], meaning "Moon"[2]) is the personification of the Moon. Monday, which the ancient Greeks named after the moon in honor of the moon goddess Selene, is still called that today, even though we might have forgotten the origins. While not traditionally moon goddesses, those like Isis and Nyx have associations with or are connected to the moon in various ways. The great English Romantic poet John Keats wrote a poem about the mortal, entitled Endymion, with some of the most famous opening lines in the English language. The lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth. Often she was shown in a chariot drawn by a team of horses or oxen, but other times there was no chariot, and Selene would instead appear on the back of a horse or mule. There are three different ways you can cite this article. In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. Selene's Roman name was Lunar. The personification of the Sun, he was portrayed as driving a four-horse chariot across the sky on a daily basis. In the most familiar account, Selene first saw the beautiful Endymion as he lay sleeping in a cave on Mount Latmus. In Greek literature, Eos is presented as a daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, the sister of the sun god Helios and the moon goddess Selene. Selene the moon goddess was a minor figure in ancient Greek mythology. 13 In later times Selene was identified with Artemis, and the worship of the two became amalgamated. Selene was one of the twelve Olympian gods and goddesses, and her story is one of the most captivating in Greek mythology. Seln) was also the ancient Greek word meaning moon. The etymology is uncertain, but it appears to be related to the Greek word (slas, light) and the Proto-Indo-European word *l(o)uksneh- (moon), from which we also derive the Latin word for moon, luna. Because Basileia's other brothers envied these offspring, and feared that Hyperion would try to seize power for himself, they conspired against him. The moon was thought to influence people in other ways, as well. [54], The earliest known depiction of Selene driving a chariot adorns the inside of an early 5th century BC red-figure cup attributed to the Brygos Painter, showing Selene plunging her chariot, drawn by two winged horses, into the sea (Berlin Antikensammlung F 2293). The goddess had pale skin that seemed to shine with its own inner light and long black hair that matched the dark sky around her. In Greek, the name Endymion means one who dives and Max Muller thought that the myth was a symbolic representation of how the sun set by diving into the sea and then the moon arose. [97] Hyginus says that Selene had "nourished" the lion in a "two-mouthed cave". Selene was not the only lunar goddess of the Greeks. [44] The 7th century BC Greek poet Alcman makes Ersa ("Dew") the daughter of Selene and Zeus. As the daughter of the Titan god of heavenly light, it is an apt name. Selene was the ancient Greek Titan goddess of the moon. [115] There are indications of a similar framing by Selene and Helios of the birth of Pandora on the base of the Athena Parthenos. Selene. Mythopedia, December 07, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene. Zeus could not do that, so he sent Endymion into an eternal slumber so he would never age or die. Selene (probably) and Helios adorned the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the two, each driving a four-horsed chariot, framed a scene depicting the birth of Athena, with Helios and his chariot rising from the ocean on the left, and Selene and her chariot descending into the sea on the right. All Rights Reserved. "[80], Lucian also records an otherwise unattested myth where a pretty young girl called Muia becomes Selene's rival for Endymion's affections; the chatty maiden would endlessly talk to him while he slept, causing him to wake up. From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. In later times, Selene was often associated with Artemis in the same way that her brother Helios was associated with Artemis brother Apollo. [14], The original PIE moon deity has been reconstructed as *Mehnot (from which 'Mene', Selene's byname, is derived),[15] and it appears that it was a male god. As the goddess that presided over the moon and its appearance in the sky, Selene was also connected with lunar eclipses. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. The moon goddess and Artemis were occasionally shown as companions. [67] The late 7th-century early 6th-century BC poet Sappho apparently mentioned Selene and Endymion. Selenes chariot, unlike her brother Helios, usually only had two horses drawing it. [121], In later second and third century AD Roman funerary art, the love of Selene for Endymion and his eternal sleep was a popular subject for artists. But while there, he committed some transgression (usually, he was said to have fallen in love with Zeus wife Hera). [58] In some later accounts the chariot was drawn by oxen or bulls. Eventually, she became identified with Artemis, goddess of the wilderness, who was sometimes associated with the moon. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. 112114; Palagia 2005, Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the, This Epigenes has been tentatively identified with, Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in, Online version at Demonax | Hellenic Library, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, "Kaguya Another Chapter for the Lunar Saga", Online version at Harvard University Press, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin), Classical mythology in western art and literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=1142206020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Cohen, Beth, "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting", in. Myth Early History Selene was the daughter of the titans, Hyperion and Theia, sister to Helios (the sun) and Eos (dawn). Their daughter Eos was the first to appear each day. Obbink, Dirk (2002), "'All Gods are True' in Epicurus" in, Obbink, Dirk (2011) "56. This was the mythological explanation for the movement of the moon across the sky. The Greek word Phoebe means bright and the word Cynthia means from Mount Cynthus which was said to be the birthplace of Artemis. In other words, Selene was the moon (similar to the Roman Luna or even the Norse Mni). This claim has been takenby Plutarch at first, and subsequently by modern astronomersto mean that she could predict the time and general area where an eclipse of the Moon would occur. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. Selenes role in this war was not only to fight against the giants. If you have read Greek mythology and the famous epics of ancient Greece, you may be quite familiar with her brother Helios. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Accessed on 27 Feb. 2023. [19] 'Helen' is related to 'Helios' instead, and it seems that they two figures stem from a common Proto-Indo-European ancestor, the Sun Maiden.[20][21]. [59] Though the moon chariot is often described as being silver,[60] for Pindar it was golden. Helius, Selene, Eos, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Nike, Boreas, Zephyrus, Astra) GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 8 (83 IMAGES) Selene is the daughter of Titans Hyperion and Theia. [119] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders. [1], Selene was often identified with other goddesses, including Men (also spelled Mene), the divine personification of the lunar month; Bendis, a goddess of Thracian origin; Hecate, a goddess of witchcraft; and (especially in later antiquity) Artemis, the goddess of hunting and wild things. Lilaeon. Selene and Endymion relief, Alessandro and Lancellotto Pusterla's gravestone, 16th century. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. This eventually led to the identification of Selene with Artemis, also associated with fertility and the moon in various ways. [31], Ampelus was a handsome young male satyr and the first love of the god Dionysus. [147] In the city of Epidaurus, in Argolis, Selene had an altar dedicated to her. Without Selene giving way to Eos, Helios could not bring the sun back to the world. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Plutarch, On the Face in the Moon 30, On Isis and Osiris 52; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.337; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10.214, 44.70. Dark nights were a sign of the lunar goddesss eternal love for the sleeping mortal. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. In the Homeric Hymn to Selene, she bears the beautiful Pandeic to Zeus, while Alcman says they are the parents of Herse, the dew. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. 14 In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of Her presence is felt in something as simple as the names of the days of the week. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. [7] The Greek word mene, meant the moon, and the lunar month. Selene also has several other names. [12] Also from Artemis, Selene was sometimes called "Cynthia", meaning "she of Mount Cynthus" (the birthplace of Artemis). 7 (all cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 4.57); Sappho, frag. [91], Selene also played a small role in the first of Heracles' twelve labours; whereas for Hesiod, the Nemean Lion was born to Orthrus and the Chimera (or perhaps Echidna) and raised by Hera,[92] other accounts have Selene involved in some way in its birth or rearing. There is a magnificent frieze in the Pergamon Altar, now kept at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, which depicts this battle between the Giants and the Olympians. The brother and sister married each other and had three children: Eos (the goddess of the dawn), Helios (the sun god), and Selene (the moon goddess). ), The name Selene (Greek , translit. While Selene was known for pulling the moon across the sky in her silver . Updates? [32], The usual account of Selene's origin is given by Hesiod in his Theogony, where the sun-god Hyperion espoused his sister Theia, who gave birth to "great Helios and clear Selene and Eos who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven". These were the fifty daughters who were fathered by Endymion the fifty months represented the four-year cycle of the Olympiads. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. The light that humans saw from earth emanate from them, a legacy of their lustrous father. Selene, (Greek: "Moon") Latin Luna, in Greek and Roman religion, the personification of the moon as a goddess. The idea that Selene would also give easy labours to women paved way for identification with Hera and the Roman Juno and Lucina, three other childbirth goddesses; Plutarch calls Selene "Hera in material form. The tale of Endymion and Selene is one that has resonated with people for millennia. Like Helios with the sun, Selene drove the moon across the sky each night in a chariot. Synonyms of bright or shining or silvery are often used in descriptions of her, as she was supposed to have a complexion of extraordinary paleness. Athena, also spelled Athene, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. [86] Additionally, on a rein guide for a chariot a goddess thought to be Selene with a crescent and veil over her head is depicted, who stands with Helios on a gate tower and tries to repel the attacks of snake-legged Giants. This article is about the Greek goddess. Mythopedia. Selene goddess of the moon, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin. Gaia, the primordial Titan goddess and grandmother to the Olympian gods and goddesses, was enraged when her children were defeated in the Titanomachy and imprisoned in Tartarus. But she quite likes being glimpsed through the clouds and her coyness is somewhat . But unlike other night goddesseslike Nyx, Hecate, and sometimes even ArtemisSelene represented the moon itself. [81], Philologist Max Mller's interpretation of solar mythology as it related to Selene and Endymion concluded that the myth was a narrativized version of linguistic terminology. [8], Selene began appearing in the visual arts around the early fifth century BCE. [96] Pseudo-Plutarch's On Rivers has Hera collaborating with Selene, "employing magical incantations" to create the Nemean Lion from a chest filled with foam. Their names differed from the other triads of Horae and they were considered to be the personifications of the four seasons itself. [87], According to the late account of Nonnus, when the gigantic monster Typhon laid siege against the heavens, he attacked Selene as well by hurling bulls at her, though she managed to stay in her course, and rushed at her hissing like a viper. 245 M-W; Pherecydes, FHG 1 frag. [142] In Theocritus' second Idyll, a young girl invokes Selene in a love-spell. [63] A famous example of that is Aglaonice of Thessaly, an ancient Greek astronomer, who was regarded as a sorceress for her (self-proclaimed) ability to make the Moon disappear from the sky ( : kathairen tn selnen). In some versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love with Queen Hera, wife of Zeus. [36] This Pallas is possibly identified with the Pallas, who, according to Hesiod's Theogony, was the son of the Titan Crius, and thus Selene's cousin. There were other goddesses worshiped by the Greeks who were widely associated with the moon themselves. [11], Just as Helios, from his identification with Apollo, is called Phoebus ("bright"), Selene, from her identification with Artemis, is also called Phoebe (feminine form). Even though she, along with her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her parentage, the three of them became quite central to the Greek pantheon and were accepted as Greek gods themselves after the fall of the great Titans. And unlike Hera or Aphrodite or Artemis, Selene is still quite a common first name in the English-speaking world, which is perhaps the moon goddesss own form of sweet justice over a civilization where she was only worshiped in secret by young women and expectant mothers for fear of being considered barbarians.. She was commonly depicted as a winged goddess, clad in a sweeping robe and a veil. "From the panteon of the gods to the Pantheon of Rome" in, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 02:32. Does the sculpted girl speak to women too?" [6] In the Doric and Aeolic dialects, her name was also spelled (Selna) and (Selnna) respectively. Oil lamp fragment with the head of Selene, early classical period, Muse de Die. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. Selene is the Greek proper name for the Moon,[155] and 580 Selene, a minor planet in the asteroid belt, is also named after this goddess. In some cases, it is debated whether she indeed was the mother. There are a number of stories about the moon goddess Selene in Greek mythology, in association with the other Greek gods, especially Zeus. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. The talkative Myia would sit with Endymion as he slept his eternal sleep, chattering endlesslyso much so that Endymion eventually woke up. Virgil, Georgics 3.391ff; Servius on Virgils Georgics 3.391 (citing the second-century BCE poet Nicander as the original source). [16] In PIE mythology, the Moon, which is a male figure, was seen as forming a pairusually wedlockwith the Sun, which is a female figure, and which in Greek mythology is recognized in the male deity and Selene's brother Helios. Most of the important Greek gods and goddesses had temple sites of their own. Selene, the goddess of the moon, has two siblings: Eos, the goddess of the dawn, and Helios, the sun god. She is pale, beautiful and indefinably alluring. [152], According to a certain Epigenes,[153] the three Moirai, or Fates, were regarded in the Orphic tradition as representing the three divisions of Selene, "the thirtieth and the fifteenth and the first" (i.e. Kapach, A. Whatever his profession, the handsome young man frequently slept beneath the open sky. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. If you thought Artemis was the Greek goddess of the moon, you are only partially right. , she became selene greek mythology with Artemis, who was sometimes associated with Artemis in the on! Was portrayed as driving a two-horse chariot respects of Artemis, goddess of the sky each night in chariot. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene is her love of the mortal man Endymion mortal!, 2022. https: //mythopedia.com/topics/selene was actually taken to Mount Olympus that involved that were! In love with Zeus wife Hera ) century bronze statue of Hercules and the of... And to Helios some versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love the. 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